{"id":1469,"date":"2022-02-14T09:20:18","date_gmt":"2022-02-14T08:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/active-oxygens-sustainability.evonik.com\/artikel\/was-sind-persulfate\/"},"modified":"2023-06-19T09:12:39","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T07:12:39","slug":"what-are-persulfates","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/active-oxygens-sustainability.evonik.com\/en\/articles\/what-are-persulfates\/","title":{"rendered":"What are persulfates?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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What are persulfates?<\/h1>\n

Persul\u00adfates are perox\u00adides, like hydro\u00adgen perox\u00adide and peracetic acid. They can oxidize almost all organic compounds. Persul\u00adfates are often used in ground\u00adwa\u00adter and soil reme\u00addi\u00ada\u00adtion, but also in other appli\u00adca\u00adtions. You can read about what persul\u00adfates are, how they are produced and why they are sustain\u00adable here.<\/h4>\n

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P<\/span>ersul\u00adfates (perox\u00adide sulfates) are salts of perox\u00ady\u00addisul\u00adfu\u00adric acid, which has the chem\u00adi\u00adcal formula H2<\/sub>S2<\/sub>O8<\/sub>. E. They are color\u00adless and odor\u00adless, have a crys\u00adtalline struc\u00adture and are usually very easily soluble.<\/p>\n

There are differ\u00adent types of persul\u00adfates, each suit\u00adable for differ\u00adent appli\u00adca\u00adtions. The best known are potas\u00adsium persul\u00adfate and ammo\u00adnium persulfate.<\/p>\n

As very strong bleach\u00ading and oxidiz\u00ading agents<\/a>, persul\u00adfates are used in envi\u00adron\u00admen\u00adtal appli\u00adca\u00adtions such as soil and ground\u00adwa\u00adter reme\u00addi\u00ada\u00adtion, and also in chem\u00adi\u00adcal synthe\u00adses, elec\u00adtron\u00adics, and as hair dyes and bleach\u00ading agents in phar\u00adma\u00adceu\u00adti\u00adcals and cosmetics.<\/p>\n

Their special feature: in terms of their oxidiz\u00ading power, persul\u00adfates are surpassed only by fluo\u00adrine, ozone and oxyflu\u00ado\u00adrides \u2014 they are capa\u00adble of oxidiz\u00ading almost all organic compounds. Persul\u00adfates can decom\u00adpose on contact with heat and mois\u00adture. Evonik Active Oxygens there\u00adfore uses state-of-the-art tech\u00adnol\u00adogy to ensure that the persul\u00adfates it produces remain stable during stor\u00adage, trans\u00adport and use. When handled correctly, persul\u00adfates have an excel\u00adlent shelf life and are also very econom\u00adi\u00adcal to use, given  their high efficacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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How are persul\u00adfates produced?<\/h5>\n

Persul\u00adfates are produced by an elec\u00adtrolytic process. Ammo\u00adnium, potas\u00adsium and sodium persul\u00adfates are produced at the plant in Tonawanda, New York. The plant is powered by hydro\u00adelec\u00adtric\u00adity from nearby Niagara Falls.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Why are persul\u00adfates sustainable?<\/h5>\n

Persul\u00adfates are versa\u00adtile substances. Acti\u00advated persul\u00adfates, which have a signif\u00adi\u00adcantly higher oxida\u00adtion effect than alter\u00adna\u00adtive mate\u00adri\u00adals, are mainly used in soil reme\u00addi\u00ada\u00adtion and the purifi\u00adca\u00adtion of waste\u00adwater and groundwater.<\/p>\n

They are effec\u00adtive against a wide range of degra\u00adda\u00adtion-resis\u00adtant cont\u00ada\u00adm\u00adi\u00adnants in a wide vari\u00adety of site condi\u00adtions, such as indus\u00adtrial sites. The aim of reme\u00addi\u00ada\u00adtion using persul\u00adfates is to trans\u00adform these cont\u00ada\u00adm\u00adi\u00adnants into fully oxidized end prod\u00aducts, such as carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Persul\u00adfates there\u00adfore ensure that cont\u00ada\u00adm\u00adi\u00adnated soils can be cleaned and reme\u00addi\u00adated effec\u00adtively and in a resource-saving way \u2014 and thus used again.<\/p>\n

Depend\u00ading on the start\u00ading mate\u00adr\u00adial, sodium or potas\u00adsium as well as sulfate are formed as degra\u00adda\u00adtion prod\u00aducts during soil and ground\u00adwa\u00adter reme\u00addi\u00ada\u00adtion using acti\u00advated persul\u00adfates. These substances are harm\u00adless from a toxi\u00adco\u00adlog\u00adi\u00adcal perspec\u00adtive. Neither is the heavy metal cont\u00ada\u00adm\u00adi\u00adna\u00adtion in the soil increased when persul\u00adfates are used. But this is only one of many applications.<\/p>\n

Persul\u00adfates are also useful aids .\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  • \u2026in the poly\u00admer indus\u00adtry as effec\u00adtive reac\u00adtion initiators<\/li>\n
  • \u2026in the elec\u00adtron\u00adics indus\u00adtry when clean\u00ading printed circuit boards and in labo\u00adra\u00adto\u00adries when clean\u00ading glassware.<\/li>\n
  • \u2026 in paper recy\u00adcling when repro\u00adcess\u00ading fibrous mate\u00adri\u00adals (de-inking)<\/li>\n
  • \u2026 in the regen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion of bleach\u00ading baths in the photo\u00adgraphic indus\u00adtry and there\u00adfore in the care\u00adful use of resources<\/li>\n
  • \u2026in the produc\u00adtion of disin\u00adfec\u00adtants and there\u00adfore in health protection.<\/li>\n
  • \u2026in the recy\u00adcling of valu\u00adable mate\u00adri\u00adals, for exam\u00adple lithium from lithium-ion batteries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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    Persul\u00adfates are envi\u00adron\u00admen\u00adtally compat\u00adi\u00adble chem\u00adi\u00adcals. This is how they are used and produced.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2429,"template":"","article-category":[77],"article-tag":[104,109,87],"acf":{"top_article":false},"yoast_head":"\nPersulfates make soil remediation sustainable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This is what persulfates, potassium persulfates, sodium persulfates and ammonium persulfates are, this is how they are used, this is how they are produced and this is why they are environmentally compatible.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/active-oxygens-sustainability.evonik.com\/en\/articles\/what-are-persulfates\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Persulfates make soil remediation sustainable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is what 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